IEC61000-4-5 Ed.3 Test Standard Overview
Shinyei Corporation of America is the sole authorized distributor of NoiseKen products. We offer the most direct sales of NoiseKen products available in the US.
1. Overview
The purpose of this laboratory test is to evaluate the immunity of equipment under test (EUT) to unipolar surge disturbances under specified operating conditions. These surges simulate the effects of switching transients and indirect lightning-induced surges at defined threat levels.
This standard specifies two types of combination waveforms. One is intended for testing power supply lines and interconnection lines, using a 1.2/50 μs open-circuit voltage waveform and an 8/20 μs short-circuit current waveform. The other is intended for testing telecommunication equipment connected to outdoor telephone lines, using a 10/700 μs voltage waveform and a 5/320 μs current waveform.
This standard is not intended to evaluate the insulation withstand capability of the EUT under high-voltage stress or its ability to withstand direct lightning current injection (i.e., a direct lightning strike).
2. Test Levels
| Level | Open-circuit test voltage kV | |
| Normal mode | Common mode | |
| 1 | – | 0.5 |
| 2 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| 3 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| 4 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| x | special | special |
x: Can be any level, above, below or in between the others. The level shall be agreed upon between the manufacturers and users.
3. Waveforms Generator and Waveforms specifications
■ Generation Circuit
■ Voltage Surge (1.2/50μs)
■ Current Surge (8/20μs)
■ 1.2/50μs Combination Waveform specification
| Front time Tf µs | Duration Td µs | |
| Open-circuit voltage | Tf = 1,67 × T = 1,2 ± 30 % | Td = Tw = 50 ± 20 % |
| Short-circuit current | Tf = 1,25 × Tr = 8 ± 20 % | Td = 1,18 × Tw = 20 ± 20 % |
4. Voltage waveform specification at the EUT port of power line CDN
■ 1.2/50μs Voltage waveform specification at the EUT port of the power line CDN (open-circuit voltage)
| Open-circuit voltage * | Coupling impedance | |
| 18 µF (line to line) | 9 µF + 10 Ω (line to ground) | |
| Peak voltage Current rating ≦ 16 A 16 A ＜ current rating ≦ 32 A 32 A ＜ current rating ≦ 63 A 63 A ＜ current rating ≦ 125 A 125 A ＜ current rating ≦ 200 A | Set voltage +10 %/-10 % Set voltage +10 %/-10 % Set voltage +10 %/-10 % Set voltage +10 %/-10 % Set voltage +10 %/-10 % | Set voltage +10 %/-10 % Set voltage +10 %/-10 % Set voltage +10 %/-15 % Set voltage +10 %/-20 % Set voltage +10 %/-25 % |
| Front time | 1,2 µs ± 30 % | 1,2 µs ± 30 % |
| Duration Current rating ≦16 A 16 A ＜ current rating ≦ 32 A 32 A ＜ current rating ≦ 63 A 63 A ＜ current rating ≦ 125 A 125 A ＜ current rating≦ 200 A | 50 µs + 10 µs/ -10 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -15 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -20 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -25 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -30 µs | 50 µs + 10 µs/ -25 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -30 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -35 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -40 µs 50 µs + 10 µs/ -45 µs |
* A CDN meeting the current rating of the EUT and its relevant waveform specification from this table shall be used.
■ Current waveform specification at the EUT port of the power line CDN (short-circuit current)
| Surge current parameters under short-circuit conditions | Coupling impedance | |
| 18 µF (line to line) | 9 µF + 10 Ω (line to ground) | |
| Front time | Tf = 1,25 × Tr = 8µs ± 20 % | Tf = 1,25 × Tr = 2,5 µs ± 30 % |
| Duration | Td=1,18×Tw=20μs±20% | Td = 1,04 × Tw = 25 µs ± 30 % |
■ Relationship between peak open-circuit voltage and peak short-circuit current at the EUT port of the power line CDN
| Open-circuit peak voltage +/-10% at EUT port of the CDN | Short-circuit peak current +/-10% at EUT port of the CDN (18μF) | Short-circuit peak current +/-10% at EUT port of the CDN (9 µF + 10 Ω) |
| 0,5 kV | 0,25 kA | 41,7 A |
| 1,0 kV | 0,5 kA | 83,3 A |
| 2,0 kV | 1,0 kA | 166,7 A |
| 4,0 kV | 2,0 kA | 333,3 A |
■ Single phase power line CDN (line-to-line mode)
■ Single phase power line CDN (line-to-ground mode)
■ Three-phase power line CDN (line-to-line mode)
■ Three-phase power line CDN (line-to-ground mode)
■ CDN for unshielded unsymmetrical interconnection lines
■ CDN for unshielded symmetrical interconnection lines
■ CDN for unshielded symmetrical high speed communication lines up to 1000Mbit/s
■ Surge waveform specifications at the EUT port of the CDN for unshielded unsymmetrical interconnection lines
| Coupling method | Output voltage from the generator | Open-circuit Voltage at the EUT port of the CDN Voc ±10 % | Voltage front time Tf = 1,67 ×Tr ±30 % | Voltage duration Td = Tw ±30 % | Short-circuit current at the EUT port of the CDN Isc ±20 % | Current front time Tf=1,25xTr ±30 % | Current Duration Td=1,18xTw ±30 % |
| Line to PE R = 40Ω, CD = 0,5 µF | 4 kV | 4 kV | 1,2 µs | 38 µs | 87 A | 1,3 µs | 13 µs |
| Line to PE R = 40Ω, CD = GDT | 4 kV | 4 kV | 1,2 µs | 42 µs | 95 A | 1,5 µs | 48 µs |
| Line-to-line R = 40Ω, CD = 0,5 µF | 4 kV | 4 kV | 1,2 µs | 42 µs | 87 A | 1,3 µs | 13 µs |
| Line-to-line R = 40 Ω, CD = GDT | 4 kV | 4 kV | 1,2 µs | 47 µs | 95 A | 1,5 µs | 48 µs |
■ Surge waveform specifications at the EUT port of the CDN for unshielded symmetrical interconnection lines
| Coupling method | Output voltage | Open-circuit Voltage at the EUT port of the CDN Voc ±10 % | Voltage front time Tf = 1,67 xTr ±30 % | Voltage duration Td = Tw ±30 % | Short-circuit current at the EUT port of the CDN Isc ±20 % | Current front time Tf=1,25xTr ±30 % | Current Duration Td=1,18xTw ±30 % |
| Line to PE R = 40Ω Coupling devices* | 2 kV | 2 kV | 1,2 µs | 45 µs | 48 A | 1,5 µs | 45 µs |
* GDT, Clamping device, Avalanche devices
It is recommended that the CDN calibrated at the highest rated voltage. The values shown in the table are for a set value of 4 kV. If the CDN is rated for another maximum voltage, the calibration shall be performed at that maximum voltage. (In case the maximum voltage is 6kV, multiply the short circuit current value shown in this table by 1.5.)
5. Test Setup
■ Application of surges to power supply lines
The 1.2/50 combination wave specified in the IEC61000-4-5 standard is applied from Lightning Surge simulator’s CDN to power supply of the EUT. Compliant with the standard requirements, the simulator is equipped with a floating output. The simulator can conduct a series of automated tests based on preprogrammed settings.
■ Application of surges to telecom lines
The 1.2/50 combination wave surge specified in IEC 61000-4-5 Standard is applied to the telephone line of an EUT(such as a facsimile machine) through a high-speed telecom CDN connected to Lightning Surge simulator.
■ Application of surges through unshielded
unsymmetrical interconnection lines CDN
The 1.2/50μs surge generator of the LSS-F03 simulator shall be used in combination with an optional external CDN. This CDN is connected between the EUT and AE (auxiliary equipment).
For all tests shown here, if it is not otherwise specified, the length of cable between the EUT and CDN should not exceed 2m.
■ Application of surges to shielded lines
In case of shielded lines, the surge shall be applied to the metallic enclosure of the EUT (for the EUT without a metallic enclosure, the surge shall be applied to the shields of the cable).
Application of the surges shall be done from the generator output port via a 18μF capacitor. The auxiliary equipment shall be connected to the ground plane while the EUT shall not.
The above test layouts is an example of a setup using our lightning surge tester. There are no regulations regarding test layout in the IEC Standard.
6. Test procedure
■ Execution of the test
・Number of surges
For DC power ports and interconnection lines five positive and five negative surge pulses.
For AC power ports five positive and five negative pulses each at 0º, 90º, 180º and at 270º;
・Time between successive pulses: 1 min or less
7. Evaluation of Test Results and Test Report
The test results shall be classified in terms of the loss of function or degradation of performance of the equipment under test, relative to a performance level defined by its manufacturer or the requestor of the test, or agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser of the product. The recommended classification is as follows:
1) Normal performance within limits specified by the manufacturer, requestor or purchaser;
2) Temporary loss of function or degradation of performance which ceases after the disturbance ceases, and from which the equipment under test recovers its normal performance, without operator intervention;
3) Temporary loss of function or degradation of performance, the correction of which requires operator intervention;
4) Loss of function or degradation of performance which is not recoverable, owing to damage to hardware or software, or loss of data.
Generally, as far as the EUT can be immune to the surges injected during all injection period and it satisfies the functional requirements according to the product specification, the test result can be judged as “Good”.
The test report shall contain the test conditions and the result.
Note: These test setups and procedures are quoted from IEC61000-4-5 Ed.3 (2014) Standard. Please refer to the standard if more details are required.
8. Surge testing for unshielded outdoor symmetrical communication lines
The 3rd edition of the standard requires the 10/700 us combination wave to be applied to ports connected to outdoor telecommunication lines only and the Annex A (Normative) dedicatedly address this test. Outdoor telecommunication lines are typically greater than 300m in length, as the result of this length 10/700μs wave is more representative. Telecommunication lines are usually protected by a primary protector installed at the cable entry to building. Testing shall be performed including the intended primary protector.
■ 10/700 combination waveform (10/700・5/320μs) generation circuit
■ Open circuit voltage waveform
■Short circuit current waveform
■ Definitions of the waveform parameters of 10/700 μs combination waveform
| Front time µs | Duration µs | |
| Open-circuit voltage | 10 ± 30 % | 700 ± 20 % |
| Short-circuit current | 5 ± 20 % | 320 ± 20 % |
■ Relationship between peak open-circuit voltage and peak short-circuit current of the 10/700μscombination waveform
| Peak open-circuit voltage at generator output ±10 % | Peak short-circuit current at generator output ±10 % |
| 0,5 kV | 12,5 A |
| 1,0 kV | 25A |
| 2,0 kV | 50A |
| 4,0 kV | 100A |
■ Test setup example for 10/700 μs generator and CDN for outdoor unshielded symmetrical communications lines
■ Surge waveform specifications at the EUT port of the CDN for unshielded outdoor symmetricalcommunication lines
| Coupling method | Output voltage from the generator | Open-circuit voltage at the EUT port of the CDN Voc ±10 % | Voltage front time Tf = 1,67 xTr ±30 % | Voltage duration Td = Tw ±30 % | Short-circuit current at the EUT port of the CDN Isc ±20 % | Current front time Tf ±30 % | Current duration Td ±30 % |
| Common mode Coupling devices 1 pair 27,5 Ω | 4 kV | 4 kV | 8 µs | 250 µs | 145 A | 3,2 µs | 250µs |
Note: These test setups and procedures are quoted from IEC61000-4-5 Ed.3 (2014) Standard. Please refer to the standard if the more details are required.
Shinyei Corporation of America is the sole authorized distributor of NoiseKen products. We offer the most direct sales of NoiseKen products available in the US.